一、音标发音
“音标”是英语学习的第一步!您的孩子能正确发音吗?
在平时的教学过程中,我也发现了很多学生都存在这个问题,因此,小编特意整理一份48个英语国际音标快速记忆法,希望可以帮助各位孩子尽快掌握巧记48个音标。
二、记忆方法(只需记长音就可以)
1 单元音
[i:]、[i]、[ɔ:]、[ɔ]、[u:]、[u]、[ə:]、[ə]、[ɑ:]、[ʌ]、[e]、[æ]
2 双元音
[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[iə]、[ɛə]、[uə]、[au]、[əu]
3 辅音
[θ]、[ð]、[ʃ]、[ʒ]
注:多数辅音的读音与拼音差别不大,可以通过拼音来进行谐音;还有一部分辅音没有对应的拼音字体,我们的记忆方法主要是针对这四个辅音。)
三、9条自然拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 |
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | | a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | | 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | | 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | | 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | o | 在开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no | | 在闭音节中 | [ɔ] | clock not box shop sock | u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | | 在闭音节中 | [ʌ] | bus cup jump much lunch | 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super |
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2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 |
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | [ə] | China another woman breakfast | | [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | e | [ə]可省略 | hundred student open weekend | | [i] | chicken pocket begin children | i | [ə]/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal | | [ai] | exercise satellite | o | [ə] | second tonight somebody welcome | | [əu] | also zero photo | u | [ə] | autumn diffcult | | [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate | u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue |
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。 |
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3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 |
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a在[w]音后面 | [ɔ] | want what watch wash quality | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold | o在m n v th前 | [ʌ] | come monkey love mother |
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4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 |
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | | [ɔ:] | warm quarter towards | or or在[w]音后面 | [ɔ:] | forty morning short | | [ə:] | word worker worse | er ir ur | [ə:] | certainly bird Thursday | 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry | -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday |
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5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 |
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | are | [ε] | care dare hare | ere | [i] | here mere | ire | [ai] | fire hire wire | ore | [ɔ:] | more score before | ure | [ju] | pure cure | are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure | 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring | 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如:orange very American paragraph |
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6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 |
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair | al al在f m前 | [ɔ:l] | small ball talk wall all | | [ɔ:l] | always also salt almost | | [α:] | half calm | au/aw | [ɔ:] | autumn daughter draw | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | | [ei] | break great | ear | [i] | hear dear near clear year | | [ε] | bear pear wear swear | | [ə:] | earth learn early | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer | ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | | [i:] | either key | eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | | [u:] | flew brew jewelry | ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal | oar/oor | [ɔ:] | roar board door floor | oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | | [u] | book look cook foot good | ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | | [ou] | know row throw though | | [ʌ] | young country enough | | [u:] | group you soup | our | [ɔ:] | course your four | | [au] | our hour ours | | [ɜ:] | journey | ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition | | [u:] | juice fruit suit |
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7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 |
元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey | ow | [ou] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee | -sion -tion | [n] | impression nation | -sion在元音字母后 | [n] | vision decision occasion | -tion在s后 | [n] | question suggestion | -sten | [sn] | listen | -stle | [sl] | whistle | -sure | [ʒə] | pleasure measure | -ture | [tʃə] | picture culture |
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8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 |
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:] | 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] > cupboard[ə] 碗柜 |
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9、辅字组的读音 |
辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | b | [b] | bike bus bag | | [/] | bomb tomb | c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | | [s] | face decide cinema | ch | [tʃ] | much chick rich teacher | | [k] | school headache chemistry | | [ʃ] | machine Chicago | -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | -dge | [] | bridge fridge | dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | f | [f] | five four breakfast | g g在e i/y前 | [g] | bag gardon go | | [dʒ] | orange large German | gh | [f] | cough enough | | [/] | light daughter high | gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [g] | guess league dialogue | | [w] | language anguish | h | [h] | hot head house hand | | [/] | hour honest | j | [dʒ] | jeep jar joke join July | k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | kn- | [n] | knife know knock | l | [l] | life milk school tall | m | [m] | monkey come autumn | -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | n n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | | [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | -ng | [ŋ] | morning young wrong | p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | q | [k] | Iraq | qu- | [kw] | quality quite | r | [r] | red rubber ruler | s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | | [z] | music husband | sc- | [sk] | scarlet | | [s] | muscle science | sh | [ʃ] | she fish shirt wash | t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | | [ʃ] | patient nation | tch | [tʃ] | watch | th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | | [ð] | the these with than | | [ð] | clothe father weather | tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | v | [v] | very voice love leave | w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | | [/] | answer two | wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | | [h] | who whose whole | x 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | | [gz] | examle exist exact | wr- | [r] | write | y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | z | [z] | puzzle zero zo |
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