初中重要短语及知识点总结34：英语重点常考短语（1）
be contrary to与……相反；违反【例】The results are contrary to expectations.结果与预期相反in and out进进出出；来来往往【例】She slipped in and out of the theatre by a side door.她从剧院的侧门溜进溜出。prefer to宁愿；更喜欢【例】We prefer to stay where we are.我们宁愿保持着现在的样子。lack of缺乏【例】They charged the accident to the lack of experience.他们把事故的发生归咎于缺乏经验。by accident偶然；意外地【例】We met by accident at the airport.我们在机场不期而遇。contribute to捐献；导致；有助于【例】Would you like to contribute to our collection？你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？provide…with提供；供给【例】Beijing University provided her with an allowance when she was studying there.北京大学在她学习期间给她提供了津贴。if only只要；但愿【例】If only you practise，you could form any habits.只要常做，就会形成习惯rather than而不是【例】I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffff ee.我想要冷饮，而不是咖啡。be obliged to被迫做；有义务；感谢【例】The government might be obliged to put its money where its mouth is to prove its commitment.政府也许会被迫付出行动，兑现承诺。aim for为……目标；瞄准；力争【例】We aim for the completion of the task by the end of the year.我们的最终目的是最迟年底完成这项工作。give up投降；认输；放弃【例】They gave up without a fight.他们不战而降。in theory理论上；按理说【例】In theory，these machines should last for ten years or more.从理论上讲，这些机器应该能用10年以上。take measures采取措施；设法；着手【例】We are able to take measures before it is too late.趁还来得及，我们可以采取一些措施。depend on依赖；信赖；取决于【例】The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.这个地区依靠航运维持生活。at large未被捕的；详尽的【例】Her killer is still at large.杀害她的凶手仍然逍遥法外。give in屈服；投降；让步；交上【例】He was compelled to give in.他被迫屈服。be inclined to倾向于……；偏重；有意【例】We would be inclined to talk about the things which are about to take place.我们将倾向于说说那些即将发生的事情。concern for为……担心；关心；关注【例】There is grave concern for the safety of witnesses.人们非常担心证人的安全no longer不再；不复【例】He no longer lives here.他不再住这儿了。go against违背；反对；不利于【例】He went against my wishes when he did not show up.他这么做违背了我的意愿。show up出现；到来【例】We waited until five o?clock，but he did not show up.我们一直等到了5点，但是他始终没有露面。only if只有；只要……就；只是在……的时候；除非【例】You can make progress only if you are modest.惟虚心才能进步。renege on违背；食言【例】The trading system will have much more trouble if the United States reneges on its traditional leadership role.如果美国背弃了原来自由贸易领导者的形象，世贸体系将会遇到更大的困难。take advantage of利用；欺骗【例】Success can breed success，if you take advantage of it.只要你好好利用，成功可以孕育新的成功。keep…from doing组织……做某事【例】Faith can keep people from doing bad things.信仰可阻止人做坏事。on behalf of代表；为了【例】I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims.我代表饥民恳求援助。be confronted with面临；对照【例】The new system will be confronted with great diffff iculties at the start.新系统开始时将会遇到极大困难。be unlikely to未必会发生；不太可能【例】The car would be unlikely to be able to make the turn汽车未必能做这样的转弯。stay away from与……保持距离；离开；不去（某处）【例】I want you to stay away from my daughter.我要你离我女儿远远的。take the lead占主要地位；领先；带头【例】We will continue to be vigilant and to take the lead on all aspects of tobacco control.我们将继续保持警惕并在烟草控制的各个方面发挥带头作用。be considered as被视为 / 看作是……【例】Certainly there are other responsibilities，but they should be considered as secondary.当然还有其他的责任，但它们应被视为次要的。be puzzled by被……所困扰 / 迷惑【例】Our ancestors are sure to be puzzled by modern financial choice.我们的祖先肯定会被现代的许多财务选择搞得茫然失措。by nature生性；天生地【例】He was very generous by nature.他生性慷慨。as a result结果As a result，only the light from behind the objects can be seen.结果，只有那些从该材料背后传来的光能被看见。pay attention to注意；关心；重视【例】We should pay attention to this from the very beginning.我们从一开始就要注意这个问题。be dominant over占主导地位的；主导；支配【例】They support the idea that men should be domiant over women in relationships.他们认为，在两性关系中，男性应占主导地位。get over从（不快或疾病中）恢复过来；战胜（问题、困难）；使明白【例】It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。at the end of在……尽头；在……末端；最终【例】There is a shop at the end of the street.这条街走到头有一个商店。as usual像往常一样；照例；依旧【例】As usual at that hour，the place was deserted.跟平常那个时刻一样，那地方空荡荡的。a bit of有点儿；稍微【例】A bit of exercise will help li? his spirits.进行一点体育锻炼能帮助他改善情绪。be peculiar to独有的；独特的【例】The problem is by no means peculiar to America.这个问题绝对不只限于美国。as for / to至于，关于；就……而言；在……方面【例】As for whether you should change your job，only you can decide.至于是否要改变你的工作，只有你才能作出决定。derive from起源于；来自；从……衍生出【例】The word derive from Greek.这个单词源于希腊文。be generous to对……慷慨【例】When others are in diffff iculties，we should be generous to them.当他人遇到困难的时候，我们应该慷慨解囊。sum up总结；概述；计算……的总数；合计【例】Then he summed up our opinions.然后，他总结了了下我们大家的意见。die out灭绝；逐渐消失；（火）逐渐熄灭【例】Many species are in danger of dying out.许多物种都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。in contrast相比之下；与此相反【例】It was cold yesterday，but in contrast it?s very hot today.take one?s stand表明立场【例】Courage means we take our stand for the truth.勇气意味着我们坚持真理的立场。wipe out彻底消灭；擦掉；跌倒【例】Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake.地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。search for寻找；搜索【例】They drew a blank in their search for the driver他们四处寻找那个司机，但一无所获be resistant to对……有耐药力的；抵抗……的；对……有反抗作用的【例】The new type of infection is resistant to antibiotics.这种新兴传染病对抗菌素有抗药力。up in arms极力反对；进行武装斗争【例】Is China up in arms against this policy？中国是否竭力反对这个政策？approve of赞成【例】I don?t approve of smoking in public.我不赞成在公共场合吸烟benefit from得益于；得利于；因……而得到好处【例】I benefit from my mother?s advice我受益于，母亲的劝告。be similar to和……相似【例】A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects猫和虎在很多地方相似。subscribe to订购（报刊等）；同意；对……捐款【例】I have subscribed to some newspapers.我订购了几份报纸。seek to寻求；设法；争取；力图【例】When we act we seek to preserve or to change.当我们开始行动，即使寻求保守或改变。make no diffff erence没有影响；没有差别【例】It makes no diffff erence to me whether you go or not.你去不去对我都一样add to使（数量）增加；使（规模）【例】The bad weather only added to our diffff iculties.恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。turn out熄灭；出席；……地发展（或发生）；结果是；翻出【例】He turned out the light when he left.他离开时把灯关了。as if好像；似乎；仿佛【例】You?ll feel as if you were at home while here.到这里就好像到了自己家一样。as a result of作为……的结果；因此，由于【例】As a result of all this，their incomes are up and land values have risen.这一切的结果是，他们的收入增加了，土地的价值也上升了intend to打算 / 想要（做）【例】I intended to rewrite the story for younger children.我打算为年纪更小的孩子改写这篇故事。trade with和……进行贸易【例】Early explorers traded with the Indians.早期的探险者与印第安人直接进行交易。cast doubt on对……产生怀疑；引起对……的怀疑【例】The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories科学上的最新发现使我们对以前的学说产生怀疑。lose faith in对……失去信心【例】You should never lose faith in yourself.你永远都不应该对自己失去信心would rather宁愿，宁可【例】I would rather have noodles than rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。anything but根本不；决不【例】The hotel was anything but cheap.这家旅馆根本不便宜。do harm to损害；伤害；对……有害【例】Reading in the bed will do harm to your eyes.躺在床上看书对眼睛不好owe to 归功于；由于【例】All I am，or can be，I owe to my angel mother.我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。be cautious about 对……小心谨慎【例】You should always be cautious about making investments.你在做投资时总是应该小心翼翼。refer to 交送；涉及；参考【例】The matter was referred to the superior.此事被递交给上级。in terms of在……方面；就……而言；依据【例】It was a bad year for films in terms of both quantity and quality.今年的电影无论从数量上还是从质量上都说不上好。be applicable to 适用于，可应用于【例】This section of law is applicable to corporations.这部分法律只适用于公司。in turn 依次；相应地【例】They answered the teacher?s questions in turn.他们依次回答了老师的问题。feel / be disappointed at对……感到失望【例】People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.人们对当代社会的现实感到失望set out出发；动身；启程【例】They set out on the last stage of their journey.他们动身踏上最后一段行程。make up构成；编造；弥补；铺床；和解【例】The committee is made up of six women.委员会由六位妇女组成。sign on签约；雇佣；办理失业登记（以获得失业救济金）【例】Will America?s politicians ever dare sign on？美国的政治家敢签署这个提议吗？prior to在……之前；居先【例】It happened prior to his arrival.这事发生在他到达以前。exert influence on对……施加影响【例】Balance of payment will exert more important influence on the domestic economy.收支平衡将对国内经济产生越来越重要的影响take pride in因……自豪；以……为傲【例】I started to take pride in what I was writing.我开始为我写的东西自豪。suffff er from患……病；受……的折磨；因……受到损害（或损失）【例】How long have you been suffff ering from a headache？你头痛有多久了？conform to符合；遵循（规则）；顺应【例】This picture conforms to society?s standard of beauty. 这幅画符合大众的审美标准。fail to未做成；没有做；失败【例】We fail to find any trace of the runaways.我们未能找到逃跑者的任何踪迹。be obsessed with痴迷于；迷恋【例】David was obsessed with a girl he had just met.戴维被一个他刚刚认识的女孩迷住了。instead of 代替；而不是【例】Plastics are now ofen used instead of wood or metal.现在塑料经常被用来代替?塑料或金属stick to坚持；遵守；保存【例】Reporter should stick to investigating the facts.记者应该坚持调查事实真相。in brief简言之；一言以蔽之【例】In brief，the world is in deep recession.简言之，世界正陷入深度衰退。be conscious of意识到；察觉【例】I was not conscious of having offff ended him.我没有意识到得罪了他。no less than不少于；多达【例】There were no less than fi?y wounded.伤者多达50人。by all means可以；当然行；没问题；务必【例】Try by all means to save the dying.务必尽力抢救那个垂危的病人。on（the / an）average平均而言；按平均值【例】On（the / an）average，there are twenty boys presenting every day.平均说来，每天有二十个男孩出席。accuse of指责，谴责；控告【例】He laughs loudly when I accuse him of fibbinghave nothing to do with与……毫不相关；与……无关【例】That has nothing to do with what we?re discussing.那与我们所讨论的问题毫不相关。stumble on 偶然遇到；碰巧找到；无意中发现【例】I stumble on books I like on that heaped table.我在桌子的书堆里偶然翻到我喜欢的书。in fact事实上；其实；实际上【例】You have to admit that you are，in fact，in diffff iculties.你不得不承认，你事实上是陷入 了困境。at odds with（与……）有差异；相矛盾【例】These findings are at odds with what is going on in the rest of the country.这些研究结果与国内其他地区的实际情况并不相符。compete with与……竞争【例】Charles has never felt the need to compete with anyone.查尔斯从未感觉有与他?竞争的必要。in favor of赞成；支持；有利于【例】We are all in favor of the reform.我们都赞同进行改革。draw a conclusion得出结论【例】I find it is diffff icult to draw a conclusion on this issue.我发现这个问题很难得出结论。insist on坚持；坚决要求；强调【例】If you insist on doing something，do it everyday.如果你希望坚持做某件事，那就坚持每天做。show sympathy for对……表示同情【例】He is too easy to show sympathy for other? suffff erings.他太容易对别人的苦难遭遇表示同情。once for all只此一次；一劳永逸地；彻底地【例】I shall explain it fully once for all.我只详细解说一次。be equipped with装备着；有……的配置【例】This hotel is equipped with a central heating thermostat.这家旅馆装有中央空调温度调节器。put down to归因于；记在……账上【例】For many，a successful marriage can be put down to attraction，devotion， patience and true love.对于很多人来说，成功的婚姻可以归因于吸引力、奉献、耐心以及真爱。comply with遵从；服从；顺从【例】They refused to comply with the UN?s resolution.他们拒绝遵从联合国的决议。bring about带来；造成；实现；使（船）掉头【例】The economic reform brought about great change in the lives of the common people.经济改革给老百姓的生活来带了巨大的改变。cling to粘上；依附；依靠；坚持；紧握不放【例】The mud clung to my shoes.泥粘在我的鞋子上。persuade sb. into劝某人做……【例】My friend tried to persuade me into buying insurance for my son.我的朋友试着想说服我为我儿子买保险。ward offff挡住；避开；防止【例】Such a thin padded coat cannot ward offff the cold mountain wind.这么薄的棉衣挡不住寒冷的寒冷。shut down停业；倒闭【例】The shop has shut down because of lack of trade.那商店因生意萧条而停业。in addition此外；并且；加之【例】In addition，reference is made to the novel.此外，小说还提供了参考书目。be accessible to易接近的；能进去的；易得到的【例】Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.药物不应该放在容易被小孩拿到的地方。be interested in对……感兴趣【例】I would be interestedin hearing from you regarding this article.如果收到您关于本文的来信，我将非常感兴趣。in trouble处于困境中；在监禁中【例】Her marriage is in trouble and she is desperately unhappy.such as例如；诸如【例】Issues such as these were not his concern.他其实并不关注诸如此类的问题。take efffforts花费力气；做出努力【例】It will take everybody?s effff orts to keep city noises from increasing.防止都市噪音的增加增加需要每个人的努力。play a role in在……中起作用；扮演【例】Genes play a role in how your body balances calories and energy.基因在你的身体平衡热量和能量中扮演很重要的角色。impinge on撞击；侵犯；影响；紧密；接触【例】The publisher impinged on the author?s rights.出版商侵犯了作者的权利。out of date过时的；缺乏新信息的；陈腐的【例】These figures are very out of date.这些数据早已过时。result in导致，引起；以……为结局【例】Failure to comply with these conditions will result in termination of the contract.不遵守这些条件将导致合同终止。for instance例如；比如【例】You cannot rely on her，for instance，she arrived an hour late for an important meeting.她这人靠不住，例如昨天一个重要的会议，她迟到了一个小时。for fear of / that由于害怕；生怕；唯恐；以免【例】Guys will never openly discuss this with friends or co-workers，for fear of getting laughed.因为害怕被嘲笑，小伙子们绝不会和朋友或同事们公开讨论这个问题。as a means of作为一种……手段；作为……工具【例】Fiction writing as a means of living is no easy task.写小说作为一种谋生的手段绝非易事。be second to次于……【例】It must be remembered that entertainment should be second to work and study.必须记住娱乐应该在工作和学习之后。for example例如，譬如；举例来说【例】Great men have o?en risen from poverty——Lincoln and Edison，for example.大人物们常常出身贫寒，例如林肯和爱迪生。be vulnerable to易受……的伤害；易受……的影响【例】Their tanks would be vulnerable to attack from the air.他们的坦克容易受到空袭。prevent…from doing阻止……做某事【例】Nothing could prevent him from doing that.什么也阻止不了他做那件事。evolve from从……演变 / 进化 / 发展 / 发育而来【例】Chinese characters evolve from pictures and signs.汉字由图画和符号演变而来。on the basis of根据……；在……的基础上【例】On the basis of the evidence，we deduced that he was guilty.根据这些证据，我们推论他有罪。on the contrary相反【例】on the contrary，he is most enthusiastic person I have ever known.相反，他是我所见过的最热情的人。slow down（使）放慢；（使）减速；（使）放松【例】He was interested in why time seems to slow down when we?re really scared.他感兴趣的是为什么当我们感到很害怕时，时间似乎就慢了下来。result from由……造成；起因于【例】Her blindness of both eyes resulted from a traffff ic accident.她的双目失明是由于一次交通事故造成的。be deprived of剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有【例】They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。cope with处理；应付；对付【例】We have to learn some related skills in order to cope with this diffff iculty.为了应对这次困境，我们必须学习些相关的技能。in consequence结果；因此【例】In consequence，he lost his place.结果，他失去了他的位置。provide for为……做准备；供养【例】We have to provide for possible accidents.我们要为可能发生的意外做些准备。at stake在危险中；在危机关头；处于成败关头【例】If the sea level rises，Holland may be the first country at stake.如果海平面上升，荷兰会成为第一个处于危险中的国家。be satisfied with对……满意【例】we are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation.我们对谈判的顺利进行很满意。split up分开，分裂；断绝关系；分手【例】They were split up into groups to close the enemy.他们分成了几个小组向敌人靠近。draw on凭借；利用；临近【例】Beethoven drew on his bold imagination in composing music.贝多芬凭借自由驰骋的想象力作曲。stress the importance of强调……的重要性【例】The lecturer wanted to stress the importance of education.演讲者想强调教育的重要性。so that以便；以致；因此【例】He wrote down my address，so that he might remember it. 他写下了我的地址，以便能够记住它。regard as认作；当作；看成【例】Bean curd is now regarded as a healthful diet.豆腐现在被认为是有益于健康的食物。be accountable to对……负责【例】Politicians are ultimately accountable to the voters.从政者最终要对选民负责。be entitled to有权；有……资格【例】Prisoners are entitled to apply for parole.囚犯有权申请假释。discontent with对……不满【例】The strikes were a sign of discontent with poor pay.那些罢工事件是对低薪不满的一种表示。put forward提出；提前；促进；推荐【例】Over the years，several similar theories have been put forward.几年来已经有好几个类似的理论相继被提出。by way of路径【例】He came by way of Shanghai.他由上海转道而来。be agreeable to赞成（提议等）；遵照；合乎（道理）【例】The students were agreeable to my suggestion.学生们欣然赞成我的提议。at risk处于危险之中【例】The crisis could well place the relationship at risk.这场危机可能会使这段关系有破裂的危险。go through通过；检查；完成；用完【例】The rain has gone through my overcoat.雨水淋透了我的外衣。in a sense在某种意义上【例】We are right in a sense.从某种意义上讲，我们是对的。regardless of不管；不顾【例】The fields give high and stable yields regardless of climatic circumstances.不管气候条件如何，这块地总是保持稳产高产。be susceptible to对……敏感；易患……；易受……影响【例】Humans are extremely susceptible to this kind of virus.人对这种病毒极为敏感。come across偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；给人以……印象【例】Perhaps I shall come across him in France.也许我会在法国遇见他。indifference to对……漠不关心【例】He displayed a sublime indifference to the distinction between right and wrong.他对是非之间的差别根本就无动于衷。be worth doing值得做……【例】Anything that is to be done is worth doing well.任何需要做的事情都值得做好。in vain徒劳【例】Our efforts were not in vain.我们的力气没有白费。be likely to可能【例】They believed there were likely to be further attacks.apart from除……以外【例】Apart from one fault，he nearly wins the competition every time.他除了偶然失误过一次外，几乎每次比赛都能赢。trifle with轻率（或嘲笑）地对待（某人或某事物）；心不在焉地做【例】You should not trifle with your health.你不应该疏忽你的健康。for long长久【例】This was not widespread for long.这被认为是不能长久的。according to根据，按照；据……所说；取决于【例】There is now widespread support for these proposals，according to a recent publicin a word总之；简言之【例】In a word，they can do everything they like with money.总之，他们用金钱能做到他们喜欢做的一切。doze off打瞌睡，打盹儿【例】The film was so boring that I dozed off in the middle of it.那部影片很乏味，我看了一半便打起瞌睡来了。be parallel to / with平行【例】This highway is parallel to the railway.这条公路与铁路平行。so / as long as只要；既然；由于【例】We?ll go as long as the weather is good.只要天气好我们就去。be unprepared for对……无准备的【例】I was totally unprecedented for the following CET6.我对即将到来的六级考试毫无准备。root in来源于；植根于【例】The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。on the whole大体上说；总而言之【例】On the whole，the system fits most of us.大体上说，这个制度适合我们们大多数人。owing to因为；由于【例】The game was cancelled owing to the heavy rain.比赛因为大雨取消了。be subject to使遭受……；受支配；服从【例】The arm trade should be subject to rigorous control.军队贸易应该被严加限制。at all根本；一点也（不）；究竟【例】Some people want no children at all.有些人根本不想要孩子。be exposed to遭受……；显露于……【例】Most medicines aren?t to be exposed to daylight.大多数药不能见光。so far到目前为止，迄今为止【例】So far，the strategy seems to be working.到目前为止，这一策略似乎是有效的。in effect实际上；有效【例】That，in effect，is his reply to the accident.这实际上就是他对这次事故的回应。with regard to关于；至于【例】I have no complaint with regard to his work.关于他的工作，我没有什么好抱怨的。adhere to粘附；坚持；追随【例】For ten months，he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet.十年来，他坚持无脂肪少油少盐。as far as就……而言；远到……；到……程度【例】As far as I can see，you?ve done nothing wrong.依我看你没有做错任何事。because of因为，由于【例】Many students? errors occur because of monther tongue interference.许多学生发生这种错误是由于母语的困扰。point out指出；指明【例】She pointed out to us that there was little chance of success.她向我们指出，成功的可能性很小。filter out过滤掉；淘汰掉；泄露【例】The sunglasses can filter out UV rays from the sun.这副太阳眼镜可以把阳光中的紫外线过滤掉。be willing to愿意；乐意【例】No bank would be willing to undertake such loss.没有银行愿意承担这样的损失。lead up to导致，作为……的准备；使话题（渐渐）转向【例】These circumstances will lead up to war.这些事件会导致战争。fall asleep入睡，睡着【例】When I fall asleep，my dreams are about you.当我入睡时，我的梦都是关于你的。be eager to盼望 / 渴望要做……；急于要【例】It is not good for you to be eager to leave.急于要走是不好的。other than除了……之外；不同于【例】The doctor advised about many things other than medicine.医生除了开药以外，还对很多事情提出忠告。cannot but不得不，只有；除……之外别无可能【例】We cannot but forgive him.我们不得不原谅他。be dependent on依赖，依靠；取决于Human beings will no longer be dependent on fossil fuels.人类将不再依赖于化工燃料。in order to为了；目的是；以前【例】In order to get a complete picture，further information
