高一英语知识点：定语从句

　　导读：在掌握高中英语词汇和词组的基础上，熟练应用各种语法，这是高考英语拿高分的基础。与初中语法相比，高中的语法更为详细。为了帮助同学们学习高中语法，贤知助手整理了高中英语的知识点，供同学们参考学习。

　　定语从句

　　1. 定语从句的结构及理解 2. 定语从句的关系词的使用 3. 定语从句的简化表达

　　知识总结归纳

　　(一)定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从

　　句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语

　　从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who,whose, when, where,
why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

　　结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

　　1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards
her.

　　2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think
it means money.

　　3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions
that are based on a commontheme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps
protect marine animals and their habitats in the

　　River sand coastal waters of Asia.

　　5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to
do the things they have seen Their heroes doin the movie.

　　6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring
story.

　　(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：

　　限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。

　　非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

　　1. Before she could move, she heard aloud noise,which grew to a terrible
roar.

　　2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been
three meters deep.

　　3. Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started
crying.

　　4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters,
which often make the

　　audience applaud.

　　(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用 which 或 whom.

　　1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the
manager of thecompany.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the
sea when they remembered the scenes

　　in which people were eaten by the shark.

　　知识重点与难点

　　(一)当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是 all,no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用 which。

　　1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built
atthattime.

　　2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.

　　(二)当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用 when, where, why 还有which, that

　　1. I'm very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for10
years.

　　2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.

　　3. I think I can understand there a son why he didn't tell the truth
tome.

　　4. No one believes there a son that he gave us about his absence at the
meeting.

　　(三)定语从句的简化表达：

　　1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan
University.

　　2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

　　3. The question that is being discussed is very important.

　　4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at7:45.

　　说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：

　　1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan
University.

　　2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

　　3. The question being discussed is very important.

　　4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at7:45.

　　说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，Being done短语，to be
done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：

　　1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做....的人/正在发生的事。

　　2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被.....的人/事

　　3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被.....的人/事

　　4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被.....的人/事

　　(1)Do you know them an talking to my sister?

　　(2)The "crazy" gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the
ear,means "you have a

　　phone call" in Brazil.

　　(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?

　　(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be
photographed.

　　(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.

　　(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in
China.

　　(7)The Yellow River,said to be "the mother river" runs across China like a
huge dragon.

　　总结

以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。

　　1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或 V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

　　2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。Being done表示正在被做的。

　　3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的。