导读:在掌握高中英语词汇和词组的基础上,熟练应用各种语法,这是高考英语拿高分的基础。与初中语法相比,高中的语法更为详细。为了帮助同学们更好的学习高中语法,贤知助手整理了高中英语的知识点,供同学们参考学习。

  被动语态的概念:

  它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy
crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the
river.

  被动语态的构成:

  被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:

  1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词

  例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

  2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词

  例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

  3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词

  例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

  4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词

  例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

  5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词

  When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

  6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词

  His work has been finished.

  Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

  7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词

  注意:

  1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got
answered.

  2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如:

  More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

  This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

  3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to
+ be + 过去分词”。例如:

  The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

  All these books are to be taken to the library.

  4.
被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by
引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:

  The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)

  That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)

  系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。

  例如:

  He was very excited.(系表结构)

  He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)

  5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear,
write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如:

  These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

  The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

  The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。

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