初中重要短语及知识点总结17:动词知识点
动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分...
(一)英语动词一般体
1.英语动词:一般现在时
(1)表习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态,这类句子常用的时间状语有always,every day,now and then,often,sometimes等。例如:
He usually
① (go) to bed at ten.
他通常十点钟睡觉。
(2)表客观事实或普遍真理。例如:
Sound ② (travel) slower than light.
(3)-些动词如:begin,come,go,leave,start等,用一般现在时表将要发生的动作。例如:
The sports meeting ③ (begin) on(】ctober 5.
(4)if,unless,when,before,as soon as,until,once引导的状i吾从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:
Please call me as soon as she arrives.
Ifl ④ (graduate) from school,l'lllook for a part-time job.
2.英语动词:一般过去时
(l)表示 在过去某一时间点发生的动作,常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)。例如:⑤ (meet) him in the street yesterday.
(2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“u。ed to do”和“would+动词原形”。例如:⑥(use to) leave for school at 7:00 a.m,.
3.英语动词:一般将来时
(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。例如:
They will have an exam in two days.
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示说话者明确的打算j或确信会发生的事,多用于口语中。例如:
We ⑦ hold a meeting to discuss the problem.
(3)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为“正要,即将”,不可与时间状语连用,但可与wh。n或:
as引导的时间状语从句连用。例如:
He was about to leave when x came ;离开As I came,he ⑧ leave当我来的时候他正要离开
(4)“be to+动词原形”是按计划或安排要做的事。
例如:
I ⑨meet Mr. Black at ten o'clock this moming.今天上午十点我要会见布莱克先生。
(二)英语动词进行体
1.现在进行时( am/is/are+doing)(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如:
The workers are building a new hospital.
(2)少数动词amve,begin,come,do,die,go,leave,lose,retum等可用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。例如:
My father is returning at three this afternoonI ⑩(see) him this evening.我今天晚上见他。
2.过去进行时( was/were+doing)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,常与at that moment,at that time,at this time yesterday等连用。例如:
At this time yesterday,she was having lunch.
(三)英语动词完成体
1.现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)(1)表示动作发生在过去并持续到现在,用于某些延续性动词,常与for,smce等时间状语连用。例如:
They have been good friends since their primaryschool days.
She_ ⑾ (live) in Kunming since 1980.
(2)动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响。例如:
The boy has made great progress in English.
(3)现在完成时用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前完成的动作。例如:
She will come as soon as she has finished her work.
2.过去完成时(had+过去分词)(l)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。例如:
After he had done his homework,he took a walk inthe garden
(2)用by和before引导的短语,如by that time,bythe end of,before等表示。例如:
By two o'clock yesterday afternoon they had finishedthe work.
(3)在It was the first/second/... time+that从句和It was+-般时间+ since从句中,that从句和slnce从句中的谓语要用过去完成时。例如:
It was the third time that he had stolen things.
It was two months since she_ ⑿一(leave) herhometown