高中英语知识点：虚拟语气

　　一、高中英语知识点之虚拟条件句

　　条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

　　l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard.

　　2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would，或might)+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term

　　3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.

　　注意：

　　1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

　　2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都遵守上述句型。

　　3.在条件句中如果出现were，had，should可省去if'

　　将这些词置于句首构成倒装，例如：w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球，我就可以亲眼目睹它的样子了。

　　二，高中英语知识点之名词性虚拟语气

　　在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气。基本句型为：主语+should+动词原形，例如：

　　1.Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed atnine o'clock(宾语从句)

　　2.It was required that the crops (should) be:harvested at once.(主语从句)

　　3.The suggestion that he (should) be invited wasrejected.(同位语从句)

　　4.That is their demand that their wages (should) bemcreased.(表语从句)

　　注意：在这种句子中绝不能出现“would”“must”

　　“could”等。

　　三、高中英语知识点之虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句

　　1.wish后的宾语从句。

　　与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如：

　　I wi。hIwere you.

　　与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would (could)+原形。

　　2.It's time句型：当lt's tin】e后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL

　　3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。

　　(l)If only he could come.他要能来就好了。

　　(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。

　　4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如：

　　(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

　　(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.

　　5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

　　(1)介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

　　(2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

　　注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。

　　(3)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

　　without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如：

　　①Without you,1 would never know him

　　②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it

　　③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .

　　④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.

　　⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.

　　⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!