涨姿势：英语中由德语来的外来词

这篇列举了一些常见的来源于德语的外来词，一起来学习一下吧。

1. Delicatessen

熟食店

A delicatessen (abbreviated “deli”) is an informal restaurant where you can get sandwiches, coffee and other small foods. This comes from the German word Delikatessen, which means “fine/fancy foods,” but in English it just describes the place where you can buy those foods.

熟食店，缩写为deli，是指不正式的餐馆，你可以买到三明治、咖啡和其他小食品。这源于德语词汇Delikatessen，这意味着“好吃的食物”，但是在英语中它仅仅表示你可以买到这些食物的地方。

Some of the most famous delis are in New York, including Katz’s Delicatessen. The pictures on their website can give you an idea of the types of (gigantic) sandwiches that are typical at a deli.

最著名的一些熟食店在纽约，包括Katz’s熟食餐厅。官网上的图片可以让你了解(巨型)三明治的种类，这是熟食店非常典型的食物。

例句:

Delicatessens used to be more common in New York, but many are going out of business since many people seem to prefer more formal restaurants.

熟食店过去在纽约更常见，但许多已经结束营业了，因为很多人似乎更喜欢较为正式的餐厅。

2. Fest

联欢，聚会

A fest is any kind of party, celebration or festival. In both English and German, it’s commonly used as a suffix, and the most common one is Oktoberfest. The “official” Oktoberfest happens every year in Munich, Germany, but many other cities have their own Oktoberfests.

联欢是指所有种类的聚会、庆典或节日。在英语和德语中，它通常被用作后缀，最常见的一个词是德国啤酒节。官方的德国啤酒节每年在慕尼黑举行，但其他许多城市也有自己的啤酒节。

例句:

We visited the Oktoberfest in Munich, but it was crazy. There were so many people, and all of them were drunk!

我们游览了慕尼黑的啤酒节，但是那太疯狂了。有许多人，而且所有人都喝醉了。

3. Gesundheit

祝你健康

Believe it or not, English speakers use this word! In German, this word means “health.” Especially in the United States, people often say “Gesundheit!” as a response when someone sneezes (others often say “bless you”).

不管你信不信，说英语的人也用这个词。在德语中，这个词表示健康。尤其是在美国，当某个人打喷嚏(有些人经常说祝福你)，人们经常说“祝你健康”作为回应。

This is probably more common in the US because more German immigrants moved to the US in the last 200 years than to the UK.

这或许在美国更常见，因为大多数的德国移民在最近两个世纪迁往美国的比迁往英国的要多。

例句:

When I sneezed, my aunt said “Gesundheit!”

每当我打喷嚏，阿姨都会说“祝你健康”。

　4. Kindergarten

幼儿园

Translated literally, this word means “children’s garden.” It’s a common type of school in many parts of the world. Children often go to a year or two of kindergarten when they’re 5 years old before they start elementary school.

从字面翻译，这个词表示“孩子们的花园”。它在世界上许多地方都是一种常见的学校教育形式。孩子们五岁或者上小学前，他们通常会去幼儿园待一两年。

例句:

Our daughter is going to turn 5 next year, so we’ve been trying to find a good kindergarten for her.

我们的女儿明年就5岁了，所以我们正努力为她寻找一家不错的幼儿园。

　5. Waltz

华尔兹

A waltz is a type of formal dance. The word is also used to describe the type of music that plays during those dances, and it can also be used as a verb to describe the action of dancing this dance.

华尔兹是一种正式的舞蹈。这个词也会被用来描述跳这种舞蹈时播放的音乐，而且还能做动词来描述跳舞的动作。

例句:

My friends say that dancing the waltz is easy, but I can’t do it. I’m just not coordinated, and everyone says I have “two left feet.”

我的朋友们总说跳华尔兹很容易，但我做不到。我只是身体不协调，每个人都说我笨手笨脚。

　6. Rucksack

旅行包

A rucksack is another name for a backpack. “Ruck” comes from the German word Rücken (back) and Sack means either “bag” or, as you probably guessed, “sack.”

旅行包是背包的另一个名字。Ruck来源于德语词Rücken，意为背后，sack既表示包，或者你可能猜到了，表示“解雇，开除”。

例句:

Alan is going to travel to Europe this summer, but he’s planning on only taking one rucksack. He’ll have to pack carefully if he wants everything to fit!

艾伦这个夏天要去欧洲旅行，但是他计划只带一个旅行包。如果他想每样东西都带着就得认真地打包。