读书·书单:《侯大利刑侦笔记3 》作者:小桥老树
基本信息书名:侯大利刑侦笔记3作者:小桥老树标签:悬疑...
I.情态动词基本用法:
情态动词 | 用法 | 否定式 | 疑问式与简答 |
can | 能力(体力,智力,技能) | can not / cannot /can’t do | Can…do…? |
could | couldn’t do | ||
may | 可以(问句中表示请求) | may not do | May…do…? Yes,…may. |
might | might not do | Might…do…? Yes,…might | |
must | 必须,应该(表主观要求) | must not/mustn’t do | Must…do…? Yes,…must. |
have to | 只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态人称变化) | don’t have to do | Do…have to do…? |
ought to | 应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should | ought not to/oughtn’t to do | Ought…to do…? |
shall | 将要,会 | shall not/shan’t do | Shall…do…? |
should | 应当,应该(表义务责任) | should not/shouldn’t do | Should…do…? |
will | 意愿,决心 | will not/won’t do | Will…do…? |
would | would not/wouldn’t do | ||
dare | 敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中) | dare not/daren’t do | Dare…do…? |
need | 需要 | need not/needn’t do | Need…do…? |
used to | 过去常常(现在已不再) | used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do | Used…to do…? |
II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测:
以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情;must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
1. must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.
2. may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。
He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)
Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中)
III. 情态动词注意点:
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。
2. used to和would:
used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。
3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:
两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为:needn’t/daren’t do;Need/dare…do…?
做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。其形式为:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do