中考英语语法总复习：动词的相关知识点整理

现在时

过去时

将来时

过去将来时

一般

ask / asks

asked

shall/will ask

should/would ask

进行

am/is/are asking

was/were asking

shall/will be asking

should/would be asking

完成

have/has asked

had asked

shall/will have asked

should/would have asked

完成进行

have/has been asking

had been asking

shall/will have been asking

should/would have been asking

将来时

用法

例句

1

will/shall+动词原形

表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态

My sister will be ten next year.

2

be going to+动词原形

含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事

It’s going to clear up.
We’re going to have a party tonight.

3

be + doing 进行时表示将来

go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作

He is moving to the south.
Are they leaving for Europe?

4

be about to + 动词原形

表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语

I was about to leave when the bell rang.
The meeting is about to close.

5

be to + 动词原形

表示按计划进行或征求对方意见

We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.

6

一般现在时表示将来

时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来

The meeting starts at five o’clock.
The plane leaves at ten this evening.

常用被动语态

构成

常用被动语态

构成

1

一般现在时

am/is/are asked

6

过去进行时

was/were being asked

2

一般过去时

was/were asked

7

现在完成时

have/has been asked

3

一般将来时

shall/will be asked

8

过去完成时

had been asked

4

过去将来时

should/would be asked

9

将来完成时

will/would have been asked

5

现在进行时

am/is/are being asked

10

含有情态动词的

can/must/may be asked

注

意

事

项

被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be
going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：
Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.

汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that…
It is generally considered that…
It is said that…
It is well known that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is supposed that…
It is reported that…
It must be admitted that…
It is hoped that…

下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing.
The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.
The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.

下面词或短语没有被动态：
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等