在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。

一、引导词

  1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that)they would help us through the whole work.

  2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more.

  3. 从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again.

二、判断时态情况:

  1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。

  2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。

  注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。

  例句:He answered that he was listening to me.

  Father told me that practice makes perfect .

三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序

  陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。

  错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.

  正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

  注意:宾语从句的否定转移

  主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等, 并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won't come to my party.

常见考法

  对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。

  典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.

  A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

  C .where your sister works D where your sister worked

  解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时 ,所以排除 C .

  答案:D

误区提醒

  宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 ,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他 ,问句和陈述句语序一样。

  典型例题:I didn't know ?

  A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her

  C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her

  解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。

  答案: B

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