初中英语知识点：介词by的用法

　　1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。

　　Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.

　　有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。

　　2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。

　　Your son will be all right by supper time.

　　你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。

　　How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?

　　到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?

　　3. 表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。

　　The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.

　　猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。