高中化学知识点:金属单质的还原性方程式
2Na+H22NaH4Na+O2==2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O2 2Na+O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S(爆炸) 2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH―+H2↑ 2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2―+H2↑ 4Na+TiCl44NaCl+TiMg+Cl2MgCl2Mg+Br2MgBr2 2Mg+O22MgOMg+SMgS 2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2S只能由单质制备) Mg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2↑ 2Mg+TiCl4Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbClMgCl2+2Rb 2Mg+CO22MgO+C2Mg+SiO22MgO+Si Mg+H2S==MgS+H2 Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑) 2Al+3Cl22AlCl3 4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化,在氧气中燃烧) 4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg(铝汞齐) 4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3MN2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr(铝热反应) 2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeOAl2O3+3Fe 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑ 2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑ 2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化) Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2OAl+4H++NO3–=Al3++NO↑+2H2O 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑2Al+2OH–+2H2O=2AlO2–+3H2↑ 2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr33Fe+2O2Fe3O42Fe+O22FeO(炼钢过程) Fe+I2FeI2 Fe+SFeS(FeS既能由单质制备,又能由离子制备) 3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2↑ Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑ Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+CuFe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu↓ Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn↓Fe+SN2+=Fe2++Sn↓